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Raspberrypi Install Config 树莓派安装与配置

27 November 2014

##系统版本

RASPBIAN
Debian Wheezy
Version:September 2014
Release date:2014-09-09
Default login:pi / raspberry
URL:raspbian.org
Kernel version:3.12
Release notes:Link
SHA-1:951a9092dd160ea06195963d1afb47220588ed84

##烧录系统到 SD 卡

unzip 2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.zip

运行 df -h 命令查看当前哪些设备已经挂载，插入SD卡后，再次运行 df -h，找出两次运行区别。区别就是多出这两个：

/dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb5

为了防止在写入镜像的时候有其他读取或写入，我们需要卸载设备。两个分区都要卸载

umount /dev/sdb1 umount /dev/sdb5

使用dd命令写入镜像至SD卡

$ sudo dd bs=4M if=2014-01-07-wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/sdb

打开另一个命令行执行

$ ps aux | grep dd  //找出 dd 的pid
$sudo pkill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid  //pid 为 dd 的pid

这样可以查看进度

完成之后，取出 SD 卡，插入树莓派，给树莓派接上网线和 USB 电源。

##开机

然后，在路由器上查看到 树莓派 被 DHCP 服务器 分配到 192.168.1.101 这样的一个 IP地址。 那就先 SSH登录 吧。

$ ssh -X  pi@192.168.1.101 //密码raspberry, X是必须的，如果要运行图形界面

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ uname -a

    Linux raspberrypi 3.12.28+ #709 PREEMPT Mon Sep 8 15:28:00 BST 2014 armv6l GNU/Linux

##系统配置

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ raspi-config

###扩展 SD 卡上可用的空间

选择

1 Expand Filesystem              Ensures that all of the SD card storage is available to the OS

回车

###支持图形界面

选择

3 Enable Boot to Desktop/Scratch Choose whether to boot into a desktop environment, Scratch, or the command-line

回车

选择

Desktop Log in as user 'pi' at the graphical desktop

回车

##加载网卡及配置网络

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ lsusb

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter //网卡

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ lsmod

Module                  Size  Used by
snd_bcm2835            19584  0 
snd_soc_bcm2708_i2s     6202  0 
regmap_mmio             2818  1 snd_soc_bcm2708_i2s
snd_soc_core          127841  1 snd_soc_bcm2708_i2s
snd_compress            8259  1 snd_soc_core
regmap_i2c              1661  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm_dmaengine       5505  1 snd_soc_core
regmap_spi              1913  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm                83845  3 snd_bcm2835,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm_dmaengine
snd_page_alloc          5132  1 snd_pcm
snd_seq                55484  0 
snd_seq_device          6469  1 snd_seq
snd_timer              20998  2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
leds_gpio               2079  0 
led_class               4118  1 leds_gpio
8192cu                550797  0 
snd                    62252  7 snd_bcm2835,snd_soc_core,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_compress

###图形方式

$wpa_gui

###命令行方式

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ps aux | grep wpa

    pi        4162  0.0  0.1   3520   708 pts/0    S+   10:29   0:00 grep --color=auto wpa


pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 

    ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
    update_config=1

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo wpa_supplicant -B -Dwext -iwlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 

    rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device
    ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted
    ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
    ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ps aux | grep wpa

    root      4180  0.0  0.2   5968   916 ?        Ss   10:30   0:00 wpa_supplicant -B -Dwext -iwlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
    pi        4182  0.0  0.1   3520   708 pts/0    S+   10:30   0:00 grep --color=auto wpa


pi@raspberrypi ~ $ wpa_cli

    wpa_cli v1.0
    Copyright (c) 2004-2012, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> and contributors

    This program is free software. You can distribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.

    Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the
    BSD license. See README and COPYING for more details.


    Could not connect to wpa_supplicant - re-trying

如果出现上述信息表明权限问题

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo wpa_cli

    wpa_cli v1.0
    Copyright (c) 2004-2012, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> and contributors
    This program is free software. You can distribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.

    Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the
    BSD license. See README and COPYING for more details.


    Selected interface 'wlan0'

    Interactive mode

    > help
    commands:
    status [verbose] = get current WPA/EAPOL/EAP status
    ping = pings wpa_supplicant
    relog = re-open log-file (allow rolling logs)
    note <text> = add a note to wpa_supplicant debug log
    mib = get MIB variables (dot1x, dot11)
    help = show this usage help
    interface [ifname] = show interfaces/select interface
    level <debug level> = change debug level
    license = show full wpa_cli license
    quit = exit wpa_cli
    set = set variables (shows list of variables when run without arguments)
    get <name> = get information
    logon = IEEE 802.1X EAPOL state machine logon
    logoff = IEEE 802.1X EAPOL state machine logoff
    pmksa = show PMKSA cache
    reassociate = force reassociation
    preauthenticate <BSSID> = force preauthentication
    identity <network id> <identity> = configure identity for an SSID
    password <network id> <password> = configure password for an SSID
    new_password <network id> <password> = change password for an SSID
    pin <network id> <pin> = configure pin for an SSID
    otp <network id> <password> = configure one-time-password for an SSID
    passphrase <network id> <passphrase> = configure private key passphrase
        for an SSID
    bssid <network id> <BSSID> = set preferred BSSID for an SSID
    blacklist <BSSID> = add a BSSID to the blacklist
    blacklist clear = clear the blacklist
    blacklist = display the blacklist
    log_level <level> [<timestamp>] = update the log level/timestamp
    log_level = display the current log level and log options
    list_networks = list configured networks
    select_network <network id> = select a network (disable others)
    enable_network <network id> = enable a network
    disable_network <network id> = disable a network
    add_network = add a network
    remove_network <network id> = remove a network
    set_network <network id> <variable> <value> = set network variables (shows
        list of variables when run without arguments)
    get_network <network id> <variable> = get network variables
    save_config = save the current configuration
    disconnect = disconnect and wait for reassociate/reconnect command before
        connecting
    reconnect = like reassociate, but only takes effect if already disconnected
    scan = request new BSS scan
    scan_results = get latest scan results
    bss <<idx> | <bssid>> = get detailed scan result info
    get_capability <eap/pairwise/group/key_mgmt/proto/auth_alg> = get capabilies
    reconfigure = force wpa_supplicant to re-read its configuration file
    terminate = terminate wpa_supplicant
    interface_add <ifname> <confname> <driver> <ctrl_interface> <driver_param>
        <bridge_name> = adds new interface, all parameters but <ifname>
        are optional
    interface_remove <ifname> = removes the interface
    interface_list = list available interfaces
    ap_scan <value> = set ap_scan parameter
    scan_interval <value> = set scan_interval parameter (in seconds)
    bss_expire_age <value> = set BSS expiration age parameter
    bss_expire_count <value> = set BSS expiration scan count parameter
    stkstart <addr> = request STK negotiation with <addr>
    ft_ds <addr> = request over-the-DS FT with <addr>
    wps_pbc [BSSID] = start Wi-Fi Protected Setup: Push Button Configuration
    wps_pin <BSSID> [PIN] = start WPS PIN method (returns PIN, if not hardcoded)
    wps_check_pin <PIN> = verify PIN checksum
    wps_cancel Cancels the pending WPS operation
    wps_reg <BSSID> <AP PIN> = start WPS Registrar to configure an AP
    wps_ap_pin [params..] = enable/disable AP PIN
    wps_er_start [IP address] = start Wi-Fi Protected Setup External Registrar
    wps_er_stop = stop Wi-Fi Protected Setup External Registrar
    wps_er_pin <UUID> <PIN> = add an Enrollee PIN to External Registrar
    wps_er_pbc <UUID> = accept an Enrollee PBC using External Registrar
    wps_er_learn <UUID> <PIN> = learn AP configuration
    wps_er_set_config <UUID> <network id> = set AP configuration for enrolling
    wps_er_config <UUID> <PIN> <SSID> <auth> <encr> <key> = configure AP
    ibss_rsn <addr> = request RSN authentication with <addr> in IBSS
    suspend = notification of suspend/hibernate
    resume = notification of resume/thaw
    drop_sa = drop SA without deauth/disassoc (test command)
    roam <addr> = roam to the specified BSS
    fetch_anqp = fetch ANQP information for all APs
    stop_fetch_anqp = stop fetch_anqp operation
    interworking_select [auto] = perform Interworking network selection
    interworking_connect <BSSID> = connect using Interworking credentials
    anqp_get <addr> <info id>[,<info id>]... = request ANQP information
    sta_autoconnect <0/1> = disable/enable automatic reconnection
    tdls_discover <addr> = request TDLS discovery with <addr>
    tdls_setup <addr> = request TDLS setup with <addr>
    tdls_teardown <addr> = tear down TDLS with <addr>
    signal_poll = get signal parameters

    > scan
    OK
    > scan_results
    bssid / frequency / signal level / flags / ssid
    c4:a8:1d:e1:10:a6	2412	60	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	D-Link_HRSJ
    14:75:90:3c:6c:b0	2437	47	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]	TP-LINK_ALEX
    9c:41:7c:7c:d2:a8	2412	100	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][ESS]	HAME_R1_cd2a
    ac:72:89:c5:09:be	2412	100	[WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]	4#501
    d0:c7:c0:a7:e1:32	2412	48	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	ZhangYiBin
    28:2c:b2:db:df:4e	2462	47	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	ting269775
    50:9f:27:e2:01:64	2412	49	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	ChinaNet-E93m
    c8:3a:35:32:a2:a0	2442	44	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][ESS]	Tenda_32A2A0
    14:e6:e4:43:8f:a0	2452	42	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	TP-LINK_438FA0
    a8:15:4d:a2:a6:74	2437	29	[WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]	bee
    > add_network 
    0
    > set_network 0 ssid "4#501"
    OK
    > set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA2-PSK
    FAIL
    > set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK
    OK
    > set_network 0 psk "a1234567"
    OK
    > set_network 0 pairwise CCMP
    OK
    > set_network 0 group CCMP
    OK
    > set_network 0 proto RSN
    OK
    > enable_network 0
    OK
    > save_config 
    OK
    > quit

如果命令行出现问题，最好通过图形界面方式重新配置

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

    ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
    update_config=1

    network={
        ssid="4#501"
        psk="1234567"
        proto=RSN
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        pairwise=CCMP
        auth_alg=OPEN
    }

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ifdown wlan0 

    Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
    Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
    All rights reserved.
    For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

    Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:20:2e:78
    Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:20:2e:78
    Sending on   Socket/fallback
    DHCPRELEASE on wlan0 to 192.168.253.1 port 67

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ifup wlan0 

    wpa_supplicant: wpa-roam can only be used with the "manual" inet METHOD
    run-parts: /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wpasupplicant exited with return code 1
    Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
    Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
    All rights reserved.
    For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

    Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:20:2e:78
    Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:20:2e:78
    Sending on   Socket/fallback
    DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
    DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
    DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
    DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
    bound to 192.168.1.86 -- renewal in 3493 seconds.
    wpa_supplicant: wpa-roam can only be used with the "manual" inet METHOD
    run-parts: /etc/network/if-up.d/wpasupplicant exited with return code 1

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig wlan0 

    wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:20:2e:78
            inet addr:192.168.1.86  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
            UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
            RX packets:29 errors:0 dropped:27 overruns:0 frame:0
            TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
            collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
            RX bytes:4501 (4.3 KiB)  TX bytes:1316 (1.2 KiB)

###3G 上网（待验证）

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install wvdial

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo wvdialconf

会自动检测拨号设备

在/etc下生成wvidial.conf配置文件

配置文件略作修改即可使用

sudo wvdial &

可以看到拨号提示 获取ip和dns

拨号完毕之后会回到命令行界面

##更新软件源

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get update

##安装远程桌面

###服务端

默认安装了 vnc-server，如果想用 rdesktop

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install -y xrdp

###客户端

  • 命令行

    pi@raspberrypi ~ $ rdesktop 192.168.1.84:3389 -u pi

  • 图形软件

直接用 Remmina Remote Desktop Client

###配置摄像头

##UVL4

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ wget http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/lrkey.asc && sudo apt-key add ./lrkey.asc

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --port=9000  --user-password=user --enable-keepalive=yes 

$ vim /etc/apt/sources.list 增加如下行

    deb http://www.linux-projects.org/listing/uv4l_repo/raspbian/ wheezy main

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install uv4l uv4l-raspicam
$ sudo apt-get install uv4l-raspicam-extras
$ sudo service uv4l_raspicam restart
$ sudo apt-get install uv4l-server

$ uv4l --auto-video_nr --driver raspicam --encoding mjpeg --server-option '--port=9000' --server-option '--admin-password=password!'

这时在 firefox 中输入 http://raspberrypi:9000 可以看到有 config-panel 和 stream 可供选择，选择相应界面进入即可。

##通过网线直连 raspberry

###windows

网线插入电脑
在无线网卡上点击属性，选择共享，点击 ** 选择 本地网卡

arp -a
查找那个显示为动态的地址

###Linux

插入网线
$ sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

$ sudo vi /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

 改 INTERFACES="eth0″

$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.33.10/24
$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
$ cat /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
$ tcpdump -i eth0

##问题

Q: /bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.utf8)

A: sudo localedef -v -c -i zh_CN -f UTF-8 zh_CN.UTF-8

##参考

树莓派实验室 UVL4 安装 UVL4 案例